Wednesday, August 26, 2020
Coming of Age in Mississippi Essay
â€Å"No one’s life is a smooth sail; we as a whole come into blustery weather.†This announcement has more truth to it than one may might suspect. Throughout everyday life, everyone arrives at a harsh point, a point where the promising end to present circumstances appears to be diminish, or even nonexistent. Yet, beating this affliction is the thing that constructs character. Tolerating and beating life’s hindrances are what separate solid, autonomous disapproved and ground breaking individuals from the individuals who surrender and evade their issues. Anne Moody, creator of Coming of Age in Mississippi, carried on with an existence of incredible battle where she defeated difficulty with extraordinary endeavors and a devoted heart and psyche. As an African-American female, Anne Moody had probably the hardest fight to battle for an incredible duration. With restricted rights as a lady and considerably further impediments because of race, she frequently ended up being subjected by others. While in secondary school, she left her old neighborhood of Centreville, Mississippi to spend the late spring in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. While there, she worked for a neighborhood lady, Mrs. Jetson, doing housework. Subsequent to working for Mrs. Jetson for about fourteen days, Anne wished to gather her compensation. At the point when Anne discovered Mrs. Jetson’s house vacant, she reviewed â€Å"On Monday I called the shoe store, and was told Mrs. Jetson had stopped on Friday. I had at no other time felt so gypped in for my entire life. Out of the considerable number of ladies I had worked for this lady was the worst†(Moody 150). Anne had been cheated out of two weeks’ worth of pay. She was shocked at Mrs. Jetson’s dauntlessness in neglecting to pay Anne what was legitimately hers. It was hard to secure positions where she was treated with some respect, and practically difficult to track down ones where she was treated as her employer’s equivalent. Anne had to change employments every now and again because of being disregarded and utilized. Albeit no defrauding experience was as effective on Anne as the one with Mrs. Jetson, Anne experienced comparative circumstances in employments she had earlier and occupations she took a short time later. The mid year in the wake of being in Baton Rouge, Anne returned to Louisiana; this time she remained in New Orleans. There, she figured out how to find an occupation in a chicken processing plant. What she expected to be a huge, perplexing, and to some degree clear working environment ended up being an unpleasant bad dream. To her stun, she ended up gutting newly killed chickens for more than ten hours a dayâ without gloves or legitimate sanitation at all. Close to the furthest limit of the day, Anne remembered her â€Å"face, arms, and garments were splattered with blood and chicken poo. I got so disturbed at one point that I remained there and let around twelve chickens half brimming with poo pass me by†(Moody 178). Alongside the other assembly line laborers, Anne is treated with the most extreme negligence to respect and sanitation. She is compelled to work intensely extended periods of time for the lowest pay permitted by law, presented to odd dead creatures and powerless to infection. Tragically, in light of the fact that the compensation was superior to most different occupations in the zone, Anne had to stay with her manufacturing plant work. She worked in the manufacturing plant for a month, setting aside her cash and picking up presentation to the different stations in the industrial facility. In spite of the fact that she made awesome cash the situation being what it is, she was profoundly influenced by her work; for quite a long time she was unable to eat chicken and for an amazing remainder she would not eat boxed chicken. The test of going to work each early daytime recognizing what she would suffer was extreme, however her determination and requirement for cash helped her push through. After secondary school, Anne applied to and went to Natchez College in Mississippi. During her subsequent year, she was eating in the cafeteria nearby when she and a couple of different schoolmates discovered slimy parasites in their food. Appalled, she and her schoolmates raged into the kitchen to discover a clarification for the shocking experience. She â€Å"knew precisely where the corn meal were kept from the time I had worked in the kitchen. I went directly to the wash room and saw that there was a major hole from the showers upstairs. The water was leaking directly down onto the shelves†(Moody 256). Anne and her schoolmates boycotted the grounds cafeteria and its food, declining to yield until some sterile fixes were actualized. The test here was finding different approaches to remain took care of. The understudies needed more cash to last them over a week or something like that, so in the long run they all began back, individually, to the cafeteria and its semi-clean food. Still shocked, Anne would not return and started losing a great deal of weight. She turned out to be so flimsy and hungry all the time that she depended on keeping in touch with her mom who carried her enough canned food to last the rest of the semester. The test in staying took care of with solid, clean food was one which introduced itself for an enormous scope for Anne at school and something else. Had she been not able to acquire food fromâ her family, she may have kept forthright from swooning or even passing. Defeating this test was just about an immeasurably significant issue for Anne. One of Anne’s most unmistakable recollections and encounters in her initial life was during her school profession when she took an interest in a protest in Woolworth. The possibility of the protest was to sit tranquilly at a white lunch counter and request administration; in this manner, blacks needed to demonstrate they wished to be dealt with similarly. Obviously, doing something like this attracted a ton of consideration next to no time, and not long after the demonstration started an enormous group shaped in the eatery. After the horde of whites acknowledged Anne and her individual protest members would not move until they got administration, â€Å"the crowd began spreading us [sit-in participants] with ketchup, mustard, sugar, pies, and everything on the counter. Before long Joan and I were joined by John Salter, however the second he plunked down he was hit on the jaw with what had all the earmarks of being knuckle reinforcements. Blood spouted from his face and somebody tossed salt beyond any confining influence wound†(Moody 291). The savagery that happened at the demonstration that Anne and her companions needed to suffer is practically incomprehensible. The total lack of regard, debasement, and remorselessness appeared to blacks by whites is for all intents and purposes unfathomable, yet Anne was confronted with difficulties like these consistently. Incredibly, Anne was brave, smart, and controlled enough not to retaliate and to stay peaceful regardless of what viciousness was appeared to her. Her capacity to not battle fire with fire is noteworthy, and helped her to defeat the misfortune which she so frequently wound up confronting.
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Eco-Translatoloty: English Translation of Chinese Classics
Eco-Translatoloty: English Translation of Chinese Classics Study on the Development of English Translation of Chinese Classics from the point of view of Eco-translatology Catchphrases: Ecological Translation Studies, the Chinese works of art, interpretation, conventional culture, improvement pattern. Theoretical. Eco interpretation examines is the utilization of natural objectivity, from the viewpoint of biological honesty of research led diagram of interpretation. Natural Studies on interpretation and social convention of artistic interpretation and interpretation contemplates tenet itself represents a test. It absorption for the interpretation of the determination procedure human-centric attitude, and development of another worldview, as per this worldview or guideline, the interpretation of the choice did not depend on their own abstract preferences interpreter , yet rather it ought to be founded on self-chose content translatability. This ought to guarantee that interpretation concentrates as a logical control essential reason. As a sub-control of interpretation examines, interpretation considers has its own biological qualities: both to the interpretation of the unearthings did so as to scrutinize its translatability during the time spent interpretation should be conceivable to safeguard the first content in the objective language of biology balance. Presentation From the 1990s, interpretation considers training model has been increasingly more consideration of researchers parties. Be that as it may, the present interpretation showing mode generally from interpretation hypothesis and instructive hypothesis in two ways, from the general idea and the framework can't dissect the idea of the current issues. In todays time of globalization, with progressively visit social trades among people groups, the job of interpretation has become increasingly irreplaceable. In this manner the investigation of interpretation will no uncertainty be alluded to the scholastic research motivation. Interpretation Studies, Translation Studies or, in the wake of having experienced social move will be the place improvement has become a typical issue of household and universal interpretation specialists think. In the previous hardly any years, through the joint endeavors of researchers, or Translation Studies Translation Studies has gained extraordinary ground, which at long last settled his situation in the region of control, yet is moving in a generally autonomous and develop Humanities and Social Sciences part of the heading of improvement. Natural interpretation studies ought to be viewed as a part of interpretation examines. Interpretation Studies natural biology hypothesis and analysis alongside strategies different researchers in writing is being deciphered ascent, it is unequivocally conventional abstract and social interpretation and interpretation contemplates teaching itself represents a test. Be that as it may, in the contemporary interpretation contemplates, there is as yet an extensive number of researchers of this part of the noteworthiness and essentialness incredulous. Given the environmental Translation Studies look into in actuality as of now exists in the act of interpretation examines, and along these lines the connection between natural research or biological analysis of this paper is to investigate biological interpretation studies and writing. Environmental interpretation examines began in 2001 is going full bore in 2009. This is a progressive procedure. In the event that our arrangement of talk built as a yield consequence of this procedure, at that point the outcome will undoubtedly have its event, the reason for advancement, the reason and conditions, and so forth. Thus, numerous understudies accept that interpretation can just encourage courses presumably don't confide in the capacity of instructors in interpretation. The new school was to investigate biological Translation Teaching Model gives another viewpoint. State interpretation hypothesis as the essential standards and thoughts of the direction dependent on Darwinian adjustment/choice and proposed Translation as Adaptation and Selection, not exclusively to underscore the environmental uprightness of the whole arrangement of interpretation, additionally re-understanding of the idea of interpretation, procedure and techniques a progression of interpretation wonders. Biological Translation Studies accepts that the utilization of conventional interpretation training interpretation aptitudes to decipher the absence of training importance, the interpreter should focus on the content which the interpretation condition, so as to adjust to the natural condition to make a unique choice of various degrees, for example, social writings, writers, perusers and other shared collaboration between environmental subsystems, subsequently, instructors improve understudies language abilities simultaneously, yet in addition to reinforce the social, strict, social and chronicled foundation of information and comprehension to do the interpretation between the different sub-environments trustworthiness and pertinence, in order to make the interpretation hypothesis and strategies to clarify and utilize have a sensible clarification.   Figure.1 Eco-translatology The Proposed Methodology Environmental Paradigm.Paradigm is a major idea. It is identified with the particular field of study a huge way and enormous rule is an approach to contemplate the general idea or research mode, epitomizes esteem decisions and research techniques. Biological Studies over and over to find its interpretation worldview. Interpretation Studies in the field of environment, said from the point of view of nature investigate Translation Theory biological worldview is step by step coming to fruition, and has been increasingly more acknowledgment. The primary sign is that numerous researchers in the investigation of fundamental ideas related issues, esteem decisions, inquire about strategies, and ends just as the terms utilized are on the whole highlighting basically consolidate biological Approach to Translation Theory. These totals environmental Translation Studies Community in acknowledgment of Ecological interpretation scientists learn fundamental depiction interpretation, Translation Studies acknowledged rules for eco-interpretation examines, interpretation contemplates follow the examination strategies for natural by and large pertinence, and their performing explicit the investigation likewise utilized a typical issue of the biological estimation of the standard interpretation considers. These investigations have not detached, single contextual investigations, and can be viewed as joint research understanding under environmental Translation Theory Paradigm. Frequency request chain.Highlights related chain grouping is: Given Translation is language, and language is a piece of culture; culture is the gathering of human movement, and mankind is a piece of nature. Related arrangement chain mirrors the extension of skylines of human comprehension and judicious base way of progress, it is steady with the essential laws of human intellectual advancement, both intuitive and dynamic nature of the component, it very well may be said traces dynamic visual field of human insight sensible succession and focuses to the characteristic system inferred show. The focal point of interpretation concentrates from the interpretation itself to language, culture, human environment, it has additionally been continually rehashed, intuitive, simply mirror this pattern and its qualities. We can see the interconnections among nature and organic interpretation, just as the fundamental attributes of the normal environment and human social collaboration basic framework. Environmental rationality.The alleged comprehensive/affiliation, is to follow a discerning biology, the investigation of interpretation biological system, not simply constrained to the seclusion of a sub-biological systems, (for example, interpretation body environments), or a few partners, (for example, interpretation exercises funders) from a natural sane viewpoint, the importance and the need to deal with the uprightness between various biological systems. The purported dynamic pressure/balance, is to follow a sane biology, the investigation of interpretation biological system, through the interpretation between the primary object of consideration, cooperation interpretation subject and its outer natural condition impact one another, framing an interpretation of environmental reliance homeostasis framework. The alleged mirror the style, environmental discernment is to follow, the investigation of interpretation biological system, during the time spent interpretation examines, both full scale level or smaller scale level, has been the quest for stylish standards. Biological soundness above has significant controlling centrality to fabricate eco-arrangement of interpretation examines talk. I additionally accept there will be increasingly more sound utilization of hypothetical environment and applied interpretation contemplates interpretation examines. Interpreter center.One of the principal issues of interpretation hypothesis is the manner by which to portray and clarify the interpreter in the job. The significance of the interpreter in the interpretation procedure, yet additionally makes the investigation of this issue has become an everlasting point interpretation industry. Natural Translation Studies is the connection between the interpreter and the interpretation condition. On the interpreter, he/she is an autonomous body, all through the interpretation must be finished by the interpreter and the main job of the cognizance. Interpreter in the various dialects à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ã£ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹and various societies associating powers connection point, both the principle body of the interpretation procedure, and is the foundation in Translation can be performed. Biological Translation Studies accepts that the interpreter is the total of all interpretation procedure Contradictions. Interpreter driven idea to decipher living, enthusiastic, inventive interpreter to the interpretation hypothesis of gathering, with the goal that interpretation hypothesis dependent on genuine, solid premise interpreter, Translator driven idea proposed interpretation help make the Translator Studies look into sweep has been expanded, and the hypothetical level it has improved; a similar time, the interpreter of confidence, self-restraint and their own quality the expansion likewise advanced. This direction to the interpreter and the interpreter for a definitive consideration of interpretation hypothesis, its points of interest become progressively clear, with the goal that viewpoint
Tuesday, August 18, 2020
Sample Essay Should We Eat Meat
Sample Essay Should We Eat Meat Sample Essay: Should We Eat Meat? May 31, 2019 in Argumentative Essay Introduction As written out by Michael Allen Fox and Holmes Roston III in their respective articles Why we should be vegetarians and Higher animals: duties to sentient life, an argument is being made for vegetarianism. The two academics bring to the fore their individual arguments making the point that not only is vegetarianism a viable option, but it addresses several social and philosophical arguments. One may wonder, though, whether those arguments are sufficient to make a case for vegetarianism. In fact, most of the world have fed on a predominantly plant-based diet. Vegetarians, however, self-consciously decided to abstain from flesh of any kind. This decision could be based on philosophical, ethical, religious, or scientific beliefs. The term originated in the 1840s and has its roots in the word vegetus, symbolizing the idea of something that is whole. The definition of flesh is quite fluid, because most people, who wish to be referred to as vegetarians, eat chicken and fish; for the purpos e of convenience, which is ironically convenient, this essay will define vegetarians as those, who abstain from all forms of animal flesh.
Sunday, May 24, 2020
The Importance of Jacks Character in Goldings Novel Lord...
The Importance of Jacks Character in Goldings Novel Lord Of The Flies Goldings novel Lord of the Flies follows the story of a group of boys stranded on an isolated desert island. There is no figure of authority on the island and as their delicate sense of order fades, their behaviour stats to take on a more savage significance. At the beginning of the novel, Jack is the most obvious leader. The reader is introduced to Jack near the end of the first chapter, as he leads the choir to the meeting. Jack is described as the boy who controlled them before Golding even tells the reader his name. The word controlled hints that Jack is a dictator, as is shown later in the novel. The first†¦show more content†¦He thinks he should be the Chief and dislikes Ralph from the beginning because he feels that Ralph took the power that should rightfully be his. Ralph and Jack are very similar, and can be contrasted because they are both natural leaders. In a way, Ralph and Jack are the same person, but both have different priorities, and different leadership styles. Ralph is democratic and selfless, associated with order and control and tries to be fair. Jack, however, is a dictator, with a selfish leadership style, his priorities being only himself and hunting. Jack demands respect, whereas Ralph earns it. The point of this is to show that although two people may have the same qualities, the choices made by the people make a difference; it shows how the same person can turn out just because one chooses savagery and one chooses order and democracy. Ralph and Jack show the two kinds of mankind - good and evil. Jack is the only boy whose last name we learn. This is because the choir call him Merridew which shows that even at this point in the novel, Jack has authority and power. The fact that the choir use his last name is quite militaristic, but also is a way of Jack denying his identity and trying to make himself more powerful than he is. It is as though Jack does not want to be seen as a child, but as a figure of authority. This is also shown when Jack assumes heShow MoreRelatedLord Of The Flies : Representation Of Violence And War1611 Words  | 7 PagesLord Of The Flies: Representation Of Violence and War Dietrich Bonhoeffer, a German theologian, states that â€Å" The ultimate test of a moral society is the kind of world that it leaves to its children.†In William Golding’s Lord Of The Flies, societal topics run rampant throughout the text with Golding’s use of individuals to represent different aspects of society. Many writers view the Lord Of The Flies as an allegory, as societal topics such as politics make appearances throughout the text. InRead MoreMichelle Duan Mrs. MJ English 10 H, per. 3 13 February 2014 A Symbol’s Worth a Thousand1500 Words  | 6 Pageseverywhereâ€â€and their importance as guides that tell us how to live, what to do and whom to believe is undeniable. Of all of these symbols, perhaps some of the most important are the symbols found in literature. In using simplistic symbols to represent profound ideas, authors construct a kind of â€Å"key†: one that allows readers to look past the surface of a story and reflect on the deeper messages beneath. Such is the nature of the symbols found in William Golding’s Lord of the Flies. As a group of boysRead MoreDefects Of Human Nature In William Goldings Lord Of The Flies1551 Words  | 7 Pagescivil. However, this belief is contradicted by the action of the boys, in William Golding’s, â€Å"Lord of the Flies†. A group of schoolboys are abruptly thrown out of their controlled and civil circumstances into an inhabited tropical island in the middle of the Pacific. 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The book deals with the conflict between humanitys inner barbarism on one side, and the civilizing influence of reason on the other.  Each of the two characters I have chosenRead MoreWilliam Golding ´s Lord of the Flies and the Human Mind754 Words  | 3 Pagesit is often with the values of society in mind, but without these morals as a guideline it is possible to imagine the world we would be living in. William Goldings Lord of the Flies is a literary exemplar of human nature at its core, as summarized by Sigmund Freuds theory of the mind’s three levels of psychological consciousness. The character of Jack represents the first level of consciousness that is only concerned with animalistic pleasures; called the i.d. Ralph symbolized the ego which usesRead MoreEssay on The Character Piggy in Lord of the Flies1368 Words  | 6 Pagesfor manual labour. 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Because the novel includes the necessary details to convey the idea of mankind’s inner darkness and violence, the novel conveys Golding’s them e more effectively than Peter Brook’s film. The details that help support Golding’s themeRead MoreFoil Characters In Lord Of The Flies1477 Words  | 6 Pagesis the recurring theme centering the characters. William Golding’s Lord of the Flies uses the righteous Simon to highlight Jack and his evil role throughout the novel of savagery and civilization. The foil characters in Lord of the Flies exhibit the contrasting ideals and characteristics, the dissimilar symbolism of both characters, and the circumstances which lead both characters to follow one’s natural tendencies. To emphasize the message of Lord of the Flies, two young innocent boys will gradually
Wednesday, May 13, 2020
Health Service Manager Of Residential Care Facility
Reflect upon the statement, as health service manager of residential care facility, I agree that the impact of the current development to practice education in the health care sector is significant. As the part of health care, residential care is unavoidable not to face the same challenge. The relevant explanation and discussion will be outlined in this paper. There are three major issues identified in residential care section due to the current development, including limited clinical placement, shortage of mentors and supervisors and diversity of students/ trainees. Firstly, lack of clinical placement to accommodate the increased number of students is clearly indicated in the SA Health report (SA Health, 2014), apparently it is not only an issue within Australia but also other countries. - Government has provided sustainable access and funding for people to develop skills and knowledge to enrol the courses that are related to health care so as to relieve the pressure in workforce of health care. However with this change, there are more students enrolled, which causes a significant growth in the demand of clinical placement. - Aged care section has been deemed as an essential part of clinical placement for nursing students. However, the residential care organisations with appropriate facilities to facilitate students are inadequate, which limits organisations to accept students. - Also, financial reason is another contributor. There is no supplement or financialShow MoreRelatedSeaView Rehab and Long-Term Care Facility: Residential Care Facility for Treating Mental Illness1435 Words  | 6 Pagesï » ¿SeaView Rehab and Long-Term Care Facility Residential Care Facility for Treating Mental Illness Introduction The objective of the mini business plan set out in this study is to develop a proposal for a new-patient focused service or program. is the provision to students of the experience of development of a proposal for a new-patient-focused service or program. Business planning criteria includes the representation of a new service and/or program. This may be such as an inpatient, outpatientRead MoreOn Site Visit to Human Services1110 Words  | 5 PagesCenters of Marion County Mental Health, which is a facility that treats mental health patients as well as patients that need detoxification services. The facility has both in-patient and out-patient programs that counsel and treat both adults and children that deal with mental health diagnosis such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, psychosis, depression, and much more. The mission of the centers is to â€Å"offer a wide variety of behavioral health care services designed to help people ofRead MoreEvaluation Of A Hospital Facility903 Words  | 4 Pagesmany facilities throughout the United States that can assist patients with in-patient and out-patient services. The in-patient facility consists of hospitals and nursing homes that require admission for up to 24 hours. The outpatient facilities provide clinical, diagnostic testing, and therapeutic services. Clinical services typically found in physician’s office. An out-patient facility consists of an urgent care clinic, and it does not require staying in the facility. A hospital facility consistsRead MoreHealth 5040 Assignment 11074 Words  | 5 PagesHealth 5040 Assignment 1 1. In what sense are all healthcare executives’ human resources managers? How can executives best prepare to perform well in this HR Function? I agree that Healthcare executives are HR Managers. Healthcare executives are managers because they manage business operations. Health care facilities can be small, medium or big enterprises that involve classic business procedures and practices (eHow). Healthcare executives are responsible for engaging withRead MoreCollaboration Between Secondary Care And Aged Care Facilities3192 Words  | 13 PagesOliver Manager Cashmere and Cashmere Heights Home From: Shereen Singh, Clinical Nurse Manager Subject: Increasing collaboration between secondary care and aged care facilities. managing tertiary care services and acute care pathways in complex organisations Here is the report on why there needs to be collaboration between secondary care and residential care. This report gives recommendations for increasing awareness and .. It incorporates both primary researches focused on secondary care staffRead MoreRoles Of Clinical Manager. Clinical Manager’S Primary Purpose1334 Words  | 6 PagesRoles of Clinical Manager Clinical Manager’s primary purpose is to encourage an environment that can provide necessary and quality health care. Think of clinical managers as diffusers; they address concerns that may arise from employees, patients, and doctors. Their job is to appoint authority and make important decisions. According to Occupational Outlook Handbook, clinical managers are referred as medical and health service managers who plan, direct and coordinate medical services. They obtain dutiesRead MoreAwareness Of Mental Illnesses And Treatment Options Essay1235 Words  | 5 Pagesdon’t have the opportunities to seek help and treatment. In my community, I have found three mental health services. They consist of Eyerly Ball, Alliance, and Mercy. Eyerly Ball is a nonprofit, community-based organization governed by a volunteer Board of Directors. The services they offer are; community outreach services, outpatient services, and residential services. The community outreach services consist of nine different sections. The categories I will emphasize the most is one through five.Read MoreA Substance Abuse Treatment Facility1606 Words  | 7 PagesNon-Discrimination As a substance abuse treatment facility we are required to protect the fundamental human, civil, constitutional and statutory rights of each client receiving services with us. In accordance with Federal Law and U.S. Department of Agriculture policy, this institution is prohibited from discriminating on the basis of race, creed, color, religion, gender, national origin, age, or disability. Bannock Youth Foundation supports and welcomes opportunities to define the special, uniqueRead MoreMy Role Model Of My Life Essay1589 Words  | 7 Pagescontribute my leadership ability to the medical profession by pursuing a career in health care management. Ultimately, my goal is to become a executive within a hospital in order to use my skills for the greater good. Moreover, I realize this is a position that requires many years of experience and education in which I would, hopefully, acquire during my time as a health care manager. The title of a Health Care Manager is vague, but all the in formation regarding education requirements, job duties,Read MoreQuality Improvement Is Defined â€Å"As Systematic, Data-Guided1572 Words  | 7 PagesQuality improvement is defined â€Å"as systematic, data-guided activities designed to bring about immediate improvement in health care delivery in particular settings†(Lynn et al., 2007, p 667) by utilising the Model for Improvement, which is not a replacement for one already used by the organisation. Instead, the model of improvement accelerates improvement of health care process and proved to be successful. It consists of two parts such as the three questions and the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Forms and Classification of Online Business Free Essays
Forms and classification of online business According to (Adam, Z. R. ), the major different types of e-commerce (B2B) Business-to Business, (B2C) Business-to-Consumer, (B2G) Business-to-Government, (C2C) Consumer-to-Consumer and M-commerce which is mobile commerce. We will write a custom essay sample on Forms and Classification of Online Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now Business-to-business is simply e-commerce that is present between two businesses. It is said that it is the fastest growing type of e-commerce, much faster than B2C. It is a type of e-commerce wherein two businesses transact with each other online. About 80% of online businesses are of B2B type. Business-to-consumer is e-commerce between companies and consumers. It is the second largest in growth and numbers among the types of E-commerce. It basically is interactions between consumers whether they transact online or offline or just gather information about products that are being offered by the company. Examples of such companies that are of B2B are Amazon and Costco. Business-to-government is e-commerce between companies and the public sector. It refers to the use of the Internet for public procurement, licensing procedures, and other government-related operations Consumer-to-consumer is e-commerce between private individuals with their fellow consumers. This type of e-commerce is characterized by online markets and online auctions wherein these sites serve as a medium for consumers to transact with other consumers. This type of e-commerce is said to have huge potential of growth out of all the types of e-commerce. Consumer-to-business is e-commerce that is likened to reverse auction. It is basically the opposite of selling wherein a company would respond to a consumer’s need. This type of e-commerce is rarely encountered. However, e-bays report that there is a large number of this type of e-commerce wherein they earn millions of dollars every day. Mobile commerce is e-commerce wherein transactions from businesses to consumers are done through wireless networks through the medium of PDA’s and portable handheld devices. Business Models used on the Internet According to (Starting an internet business- we make it simple), there are numerous ways on making money in the internet. There are business models on which they are differentiated on how they execute and return profit. Some of these are retail while some use the power of information to sell. Affiliate Marketing – the most common type of Internet business around. It objective is to market and sell someone else’s product. There are various ways to market the brand both on and offline. Passive (or niche sites) – sites designed to market advertising and/or products that require little to no maintenance. These sites can be focused on small subjects or some are built to be big multi-subject sites. The main intention here is build, promote and forget. Information Sites – this could fall into the category of passive. These sites are built for advertising; they target a narrow subject and are intended to make money primarily from advertising. Once set up and promoted, they only require occasional maintenance. Other specific business models are Product creator wherein creating one’s product be it a fashion line, shoes, and etc as long as it’s an original product and not someone else’s. Its difference with affiliate marketing is that Product creator makes one’s products and sells it as well. Email Marketing or more commonly called List building makes use of Email marketing wherein one has to build relationships with its customers and is particularly effective in building targeted traffic. It is the most highly rated way of making money in the Internet. Services are providing services such as weight loss program, quit smoking plan and etc. This provides more consumer interaction and is recommended if one excels in interacting with people. There are also more specific types of business models and more recognizable which is the Retail and Wholesale which is like an online store version of a store such as SM, Costco or Walmart. The main difference between them is that one is whole sale and the other is not. This requires a higher investment compared to other business models since additional cost through shipping products, payment processing, customer service and etc are accumulated. Creating a website for online business According to Poo (2008), in creating one’s website for business purposes, the first step is to determine one’s goals on what will one use the site for? Is it for retailing or purely marketing website? These are some things that need pondering before designing a website to make it an effective website. By brainstorming and finding out the main goals, determining the genre of the website is the next step. This will determine the pros and cons of the website. There are four genres of websites which are the sales or retailing, marketing, information and a web-based application. Poo (2008) describes that retailing or sales website it focuses much on a lot of pictures, sporadic text on product descriptions and these sites are very user friendly and easy to navigate. However, one disadvantage of retail websites is that they are not usually recognized by search engines and one way of counteracting that and bringing in traffic is making use of affiliate programs. Marketing websites compared to retailing websites is that it is designed to sell a product and one product only. Marketing website is very easy to design which feature mostly text and a few images. What is great about marketing websites is that it is perfectly positioned to make money through advertisements and affiliate programs and they are better optimized for search engines which are a huge advantage in getting traffic into the site. Information website compared to marketing and retailer is that its purpose is mainly to inform the consumers of its products or what is its trying to sell. Although some corporate websites such as Nokia, Honda, Sony, and etc. are information websites that can also sell, they are primarily designed to inform its consumers. Information websites are only recommended for businesses that has a national or international presence since local businesses that only has a local presence only gets a few visits on its website while having a business that has a nationwide presence gives off many visits and informs its consumers well on its products. Web based application works like traditional programs but the difference is that web based application is accessed through the web unlike traditional programs which are installed beforehand. It’s basically computer based application that is hosted in a browser-controlled environment. This type of business venture requires a team of programmers who are creative and persevering. The payoff is very profitable but this type of business is not recommended for the newcomers. Efficiency of Online Business compared to Traditional Business According to (Nielsen, 2008), about over 85% of the world’s online population has used the internet to make a purchase which is a staggering 875 million people. Reason why there is a huge percentage of the online community using internet for purchasing is that the internet is unrivaled for its convenience when it comes to researching and shopping. Consumers nowadays would rather stay at the comfort of their homes shopping than travel and find their desired product which is very tiring compared to single click buying. In Philippine context, about 45% of Filipino online population has purchased through online means. Compared to other countries like South Korea which hails to be the number 1 in frequency of using internet for shopping, Philippines is near the bottom list of infrequent use of online shopping. However, for a third world country like Philippines this is a new innovation that is newly tapped into by consumers and in a few years the trend would be increase in use of online shopping could be observed just like what is observed in the Global population which jumped 40% for only two years. In matters of what people look for in an online shop, according to (Nielsen, 2008). â€Å"In selecting sites on which to shop, one-third used a search engine or just surfed around to find the best online store. One in four relied on personal recommendations. It is said that once an online shop captures the hearts and loyalty of its consumers about 60% of these consumers would tend to stick to the same shop in buying its products since consumer relationship has been playing a large role in making these online businesses successful. Furthermore, recommendations from fellow consumers also play a huge role in making an online site successful. Feedback is one important aspect in closing transactio ns in online businesses especially businesses on online auctions or social networking sites that seem to make 1st time online shoppers reluctant to purchase. Using Social Networking for Business According to (Brown of Inc. Technology), online social networking sites are new grounds for profiteering through online means. It is said that two out of every three internet user has used or visited a social networking site according to internet research company Compete. These numbers alone show the potential of what social networking has to offer for business opportunities. Among social networking sites, Myspace, multiply, facebook and etc. are the popular ones while there are other networking sites that have been primarily geared towards entrepreneurs such as LinkedIn, Ryze and Spoke. One of the main strengths and factor in making a successful social networking business is to focus on building networks. First is to find the niche and build the appropriate networks that fit the desired business niche. This is the essential step if not the key step in establishing a successful online business through social networking sites. References: Adam, Z. R. (2003). E-commerce and e-business. Manila, Philippines: United Nations Development Programme. Brown, D. (2009). Using Social Networking for Business. Retrieved March 14, 2010, from the World Wide Web: http://technology. nc. com/internet/articles/200611/interneticebreakers. html Nielsen (2009). Trends in Online Shopping. Retrieved March 14, 2010, from the World Wide Web: http://th. nielsen. com/site/documents/GlobalOnlineShoppingReportFeb08. pdf Poo, C. (2007) Build Website Online. Retrieved March 14, 2010, from the World Wide Web: http://www. cessypoo. com/build-website-online. html Starting an internet business- we make it simple (2010). Types of Business Models- Step 2. Retrieved March 14, 2010 from the World Wide Web: http://biggbucksonline. com/2009/08/25/types-of-internet-business-models/ How to cite Forms and Classification of Online Business, Papers
Monday, May 4, 2020
Accounting and Management Information Systems
Question: Discuss about the Accounting and Management Information Systems. Answer: Introduction: Australia is one of those countries which have an important research infrastructure, highly skilled workforce, experienced employees and technology loving customers(Pan Perera, 2012). The large size of the market, modern outlook, and various customers makes the country an ideal place to develop and examine new IT product. Accounting software is one of the important parts of the IT software industry. Accounting software is more often the solution of the cash flow problems (Britton et al., 2013). It is a very surprising thing these days that a successful business is not using accounting software. This is one of those major things that keeps an eye on the companys money, helps in taxation, and helps in managing the business the whole year. In the past ten years, the software market in Australia has changed significantly, especially in accounting software (Pan Perera, 2012). The distributorship has changed the whole picture. Mind Your Own Business is one of the most successful accounti ng software of the country. History of the company MYOB, Mind Your Own Business is the leading business management provider in Australia (Curtis, 2015). The company offers a range of products and services. It covers all the sectors related to accounting, CRM, job management, payroll, websites, and retail point of sale, professional tax solutions and more. Christopher Lee and a few Teleware developers together found this company in 1980. In 1999, it changed its name to MYOB Inc. after it entered into a contract with Data-Tech software. In 2004, the MYOB limited compound with Solution 6 holdings. In 2008, MYOB limited of Australia acquired Mac development team from the United States. Bain Capital bought MYOB in 2011 for an undisclosed amount. The merger helped Bain Capital a mainstream stake with MYBOB beside management that will be the shareholder in the company. The company offers a variety of products, which can be taken on subscription and it also supports the cloud based technology. Market size MYOB has more than 1.2 million happy customers across Australia and New Zealand. The company has more than forty thousand accountants, bookkeepers and other professional partners. In Australia every two of three businesses uses the MYOB accounting software (Curtis, 2015). According to the latest segment revenue performance of MYOB, the Small Medium Enterprise revenue of the company has gone up by fourteen percent ($205 million), and online users have also increased by forty six percent (Curtis, 2012). That is more than one and a half million. The company has also seen a growth in the practice solutions, which is twenty-five percent of the total revenue. MYOB Advanced and MYOB Exo, the newly launched licensed desktop software, which comes under the enterprise solutions has grown thirteen percent (Curtis, 2015). MYOB mainly helps to automate all the financial aspects of the business. The software built with GST and Vat ready and the latest version can also run on windows eight. The accounting software is broadly used in GST countries namely Australia, Indonesia, New Zealand and many more (Curtis, 2012). As a result, it is tested globally for the processing of GST. The enquiries raised by the users of MYBOB have been handled by a large group of technical team, which is always available. Competitive advantage over other softwares In the recent years, MYOB has become one of the biggest SME accounting software in Australia (Curtis, 2012). The newly launched MYOB Accounting essential is one of the best features that the software offers. It gives the company a competitive edge over other companies. This is probably the biggest threat to Xero in the country; as Xero has been in the market for quite some time. MYOB is popular for selling Account Right variety of mixed desktop software. Account Right has the capability to save the data to its online servers or in the desktop itself. The most amazing thing that the software offers is the complex inventory solutions, which most of the accounting software lacks or they have not yet added it to their software (Curtis, 2012). Growth of the software industry: Digital economy: The digital economy of Australia is growing day by day. It has contributed more than eighty billion of the GDP (Lignier Evans, 2012). The growth has stimulated the revolution of the business and economy. The industry believes that the growth of the cell phone access, analysis of data, could technology, mechanism to machine technologies in the companies has helped the software market to grow this much. Cloud: The Association of Accounting Technicians (AAT) encourages little firms to take benefit of the aggressive market and adopt the cloud technology (Ionescu et al., 2013). The accounting software market has become widely competitive. The prices of the software have also become very affordable which has also made the market more competitive. The cloud technology offers the clients to access their information from any place and anytime. The software also provides the opportunity to connect to their clients and offer them to deliver the best product on time. Outsourcing: Software industry is becoming more and more competitive nowadays. Outsourcing has become one of the smartest and latest trends to grow the company by planning to expand and offer services around the world. It has become difficult for the accounting professionals to keep up with the expertise required by the clients. Strengths of the accounting software Easy to use: Online accounting software is designed in such a way that it can be used by everyone. Most of the software in the industry uses a dashboard as their opening screen, which displays all the significant information in an individual page. Automation: The accounting software has eliminated all the manual procedures to import the important bank statements from various online portals (Pan Perera, 2012). Instead, the bank feeds communicate directly to the accounting software and saves all the necessary data automatically. Chances of errors have been reduced with the introduction of automation. Real time management: Online accounting software can be submissive daily. It has the ability to capture and store all the important documents and transactions right on the time it is happening. It avoids cost infesting and offers a more profitable business. Real time advice: Most of the accounting software offer real time advice regarding taxation and more. It helps the business owners in decision making by advising important suggestions. Security: Accounting software uses a large database operated by the worldwide technology companies. It also uses secured servers, monitored 24*7 by the latest technologies. It is more reliable than the traditional desktop softwares. The software uses a server which can store a large number of data. Even if the software crashes the data remains unaffected. Accounting software creates data branches in different countries and over the cloud. This helps the company to keep the data safe anytime. References Britton, T., Jeng, L., Carver, G., Cheak, P., Katzenellenbogen, T. (2013). Reversible debugging software.Judge Bus. School, Univ. Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, Tech. Rep. Curtis, V., (2012). Making the Most of MYOB AccountRight. Woodslane Press. Curtis, V., (2015). MYOB Software for Dummies-Australia. John Wiley Sons. Ionescu, B., Ionescu, I., Tudoran, L., Bendovschi, A. (2013, June). Traditional accounting vs. Cloud accounting. InProceedings of the 8th International Conference Accounting And Management Information Systems, AMIS(pp. 106-125). Jones, D. Jones, M., (2016). Using QuickBooks Accounting Software to Improve Financial and Production Records for Better Decision Making. In 2016 Annual Meeting, February 6-9, 2016, San Antonio, Texas (No. 229772). Southern Agricultural Economics Association. Lignier, P. Evans, C., (2012), August. The rise and rise of tax compliance costs for the small business sector in Australia. In Australian Tax Forum (Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 615-672). Pabst, W., Perrin, B. (2014). e-Generation: A Computerised and Manual Accounting Practice Set: Using MYOB Accountright Plus Version 19 Student Edition. Pan, P., Perera, H. (2012, June). Market relevance of university accounting programs: Evidence from Australia. InAccounting Forum(Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 91-108). Elsevier. Pavaloaia, V.D. Andone, I.I., (2013). Opportunities of innovation with intelligent technologies for the financial and accounting software. Global Journal on Technology, 4(2). van Dijk, A., Mount, R., Gibbons, P., Vardon, M., Canadell, P. (2014). Environmental reporting and accounting in Australia: progress, prospects and research priorities.Science of the Total Environment,473, 338-349.
Monday, March 30, 2020
Discuss the portrayal of the child in the Erl King and the Werewolf Essay Example
Discuss the portrayal of the child in the Erl King and the Werewolf Essay Carter Explores young girls sexual hunger and the lure of the wilda in both the Erl King and the Werewolf. Young girls are both seduce and seduced; both prey and predator, as illustrated through the medium of subverted fairy tales that Carter adopts. Fitting patriarchal norms, the folkloric genre often portrays young passive women as protagonists. This is not so in Carters retelling where the females we meet are empowered by their femininity and desire. If we look at the social context of these stories this becomes significant. The text was written in the 1970s a time when women were challenging their roles, and as well known feminist writer this heavily influences Carter. This is further emphasized in Carters work by taking characters that a reader is already familiar with and changing both the aspects of their personality and accordingly their role in the story. This shocks the reader into paying attention and allows them to appreciate the childish heroines, and the female psyche they represent, in a different light. We will write a custom essay sample on Discuss the portrayal of the child in the Erl King and the Werewolf specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Discuss the portrayal of the child in the Erl King and the Werewolf specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Discuss the portrayal of the child in the Erl King and the Werewolf specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Carter is concerned with the male desire for sexual innocence and this is portrayed in the stories through the young protagonists. Youth is often seen to equate to purity and this assumption is made by the reader in the opening of both stories, particularly through the allusions to Red Riding Hood, the atypical good, young girl. Carter delights in shattering these presumptions later in the stories by having her characters behave unlike the youth we are used to seeing portrayed in this genre. Fairy stories have been used to repress women into passive, silent, subservient roles since males such as Grim or Anderson started to focus on folklore in the eighteenth century. Carter reclaims fairy stories for the feminists and this is seen in the sexually desired adolescents; instead of portraying what patriarchal society would expect and want of its youth, Carter shows the true feelings and sexual predilection of women. In the the Erl King the child, after sleeping with the beast, strangles him with his hair. The child is worried that she will be taken into the Erl kings power after sleeping with him and will be caged, for the Erl king would do me grievous harm. This can be seen from two perspectives. Carter could be suggesting that women after sleeping with and being under the power of men are killed, or incarcerated spiritually through the caged bird metaphor seen here. However, on a more symbolic level the Erl King could in fact be allegorical of the repression of sexual desire; the child in the story both loves him but fears for the consequence of her affections, and desires mock my loss of liberty. The act of strangling him with his hair, often seen to denote purity and innocence, is in fact symbolic of mens oppression of female sexual desire; their need for purity has caused women to lose their flesh in the corrosive pool of his regard. In a similar manner, the young girls actions in the Werewolf also be demonstrate female repression. A Jungian reading of the text is very revealing. Carl Jung said that animus represents the masculine aspects of the psyche in women, and the anima the female psyche in malesbi. In the Werewolf, the young girl has both the animas and the female psyche and if a Jungian view is upheld then the story is really concerned with the girls battle between which of these forces is to be more dominant. The traditional phallic symbol of the knife relates to the animas and the basket of food has connotations with female genitalia. The girl on the sight of the wolf, drops her basket and seizes her knife, her animus becomes dominant in order to deal with the dangers of real life. The girl later prospers, and it is suggested that this is through the loss of femininity of the youth. Carter suggests that in order to succeed in this world you must make you self-effeminate because masculinity is dominant. The symbolic meaning behind the werewolf in the unconscious seems important in this story where a girl is both attacked and attacks one of these creatures: To dream that you are a werewolf, suggests that some aspects of your personality are hurtful and even dangerous to your own well-being. You are headed down an undesirable path. Alternatively, it refers to your repressed instincts. c Through this means Carter suggests that womens repression of their femininity goes against their self and cause them to go down an undesirable path in their psychological forest. In Carters work she portrays the child very differently to what we expect of a fairytale character, as her tales are not designed to be read to the young, but rather to fit their original purpose of teaching female adolescents of their sexual desires and the pitfalls of the world around them. She focuses on the psychological aspect of her stories keeping them in keeping with a genre traditionally full of the subliminal. It has been suggested that Carters work could viewed by Freuds personal unconsciousness theory, where we are forced to dream in order to deal with the issues around us that are socially repressed in the world we live in. Carter portrays her young children, as the fixings of a womans mind where by their exploits are in fact a coping mechanism in a world where youth, innocence and the animus are preferred.
Saturday, March 7, 2020
The French Revolution and black revolution.
The French Revolution and black revolution. The French Revolution The statement citing the essential cause of the French Revolution as the "collision between a powerful, rising bourgeoisie and an entrenched aristocracy defending its privileges" has great pertinence in summarizing the conflict of 1789. The causes of the French Revolution, being provoked by this collision of powers, were the financial debt of the government and the long-standing political differences in the government. Over the course of twenty-five years after the Seven Years' War, the government of Francethe Bourgeoisie royalty, could not manage it's finances on a sound basis. This was worsened when France aided the American Revolution against Great Britain. The Government had reached great financial debt. The problem lied and continued because of the government's inability to tap the wealth of the French nation by taxation. There was a great paradox in France being a rich nation with a government in poverty. The deteriorating finances of the government are wh at triggered the prolonged differences between the Bourgeoisie and the aristocracy.President Lyndon B. Johnson and Rev. Dr. Martin Lu...The political differences between the monarchy and the nobles came about after the Seven Years' war also. The increasing debt of the government escalated the hope for the monarchy to resume an "absolute power" status as it did with Louis XIV. However this could not be accomplished because of the doubt that the public had towards the present kings Louis XV and Louis XVI, and the public could not be swayed to help. The only result of the attempts for absolutism by the monarchy was a series of new and increases taxes on the nobles. The aristocracy immediately reacted to these taxes as declaring them unfair and would not accept them. They made many attempts at taxation, such as a land tax, but each of these were defeated by the nobles the Parliaments were even...
Thursday, February 20, 2020
PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE LAB PAPER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE LAB PAPER - Essay Example The factors that were measured included my percent of fat, my VO2 max, my forward flexion, my grip strength max, grip sum per weight ratio, my vital capacity, my actual vital capacity per ratio, my blood pressure, my risk for coronary heart disease and my total fitness score. These factors help me to determine what changes I need to make to strengthen my body and minimize my risks for heart disease. The VO2 max is the amount of maximum oxygen or volume of oxygen that is utilized during one minute of exhaustive exercise according to our informative handout. It is measured in the units of milliliters of oxygen used in one minute per kilogram of body weight. During my assessment, my VO2 level of milliliters per kilogram per minute was at 26.4 percent. This falls in the range that borderlines between average and below average. This factor helps to determine my capacity to perform exercise and correlates with my aerobic fitness. Since it is at a fair range, I consider it to be one of the positive aspects of my physical assessment values during the analysis of the test. Other positive aspects of the physical assessment test are that according to body fat percentages, I am considered to be lean at 20 percent. My vital capacity was average at 3.46 liters. My actual vital capacity ratio was 0.89 which was also considered to be average. As far as my forward flexion in inches, I was at 1 inch which was fair but still below average. My total coronary heart disease risk was at an 8, which is average but a little bit on the higher side. These were the most positive aspects of my assessment. When looking at the negative aspects, though my coronary heart risk was at an 8 which was at average risk, I would prefer if it were to be below average. My VO2 max being at 26.4 milliliters per kilogram per minute is below average. My maximum grip strength was poor at 20.0 kilograms. One thing that concerned me a little bit was my blood
Tuesday, February 4, 2020
Chinese Managerial Ethics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words
Chinese Managerial Ethics - Case Study Example Both of these schools of thought taught that the interests of the individual should be of less priority than the interests of the community. It should be no surprise that when companies from Western countries have arrived in the last thirty years to do business in this "new" China, they have been surprised by some of the cultural differences. Cultural values in Europe and in the Americas, in many instances, value the individual more than the community. As a result, companies have often gone to China to do business, and come away feeling that they have dealt with a corrupt culture; that they had operated under expectations that turned out to be unproven; that each person within a Chinese company has a different perspective on a given situation, and will even stab each other in the back to gain an advantage (Blackman, 2000). The area of copyright protection is one on which Chinese and many Western companies seem to disagree - many Chinese companies appear to have a more relaxed view on copyright violations (Whitman, Townsend, and Hendrickson, 1999). The confusion resulting from the apparent differences in business ethics between many Western companies and their Chinese counterparts has led to a significant interest in the ethical principles governing Chinese management. Kylie Redfern and John Crawford presented "An Empirical Investigation of the Influence of Modernisation on the Moral Judgement and Managers in the People's Republic of China" in Cross Cultural Management, a vignette-based survey of managers across China that sought their responses to several ethical scenarios. These managers came from 21 of China's 28 provinces, which were ranked by their "modernisation" using a scoring system devised by the authors. The authors combined the provincial scoring system with the attitudinal responses returned by the managers to determine whether managers in more modernised provinces had business ethics that were closer to Western norms than those in less modernised provinces. The research in this paper rests on two assumptions: that Individualism and Collectivism (the desire for individual wealth versus the desire to work for the greater good of one's society) are in opposition, and that exposure to Western values will cause Chinese managerial ethics to "converge" toward those found in Western companies. However, there is research that indicates that the Chinese do not necessarily see a polar opposition between the good of the individual and that of the society (Egri, Ralston, Murray, and Nicholson, 1996). This is in large part due to the Chinese concept of guanxi - a concept of business relationships that is different from that held by most Western companies, and may explain much of the confusion that has hindered positive business dealings between Chinese businesses and companies in the West. Guanxi refers to a complex relationship that combines friendship and partnership, while prizing individual ascendancy as well - a relationship that benefits both the individual and the community. Pye (1992) defines guanxi as a network of "dyadic relationships between individuals in which each can make unlimited demands on the other[involving] reciprocal obligations for assistance"(pp. 4-5). This sounds much like the Confucian (and Communist) ideals of sacrificing one's own personal interest for
Monday, January 27, 2020
The Change Management Theory Business Essay
The Change Management Theory Business Essay Our current era is experiencing massive global and environmental changes than ever before. Observing alone the technological developments, it becomes clear that the most powerful changes have happened over the past fifty years. Managements practice and theory is that todays business environment is especially challenging for large companies because of the rapid pace at which technologies, business processes and markets are evolving. External changes, such as globalization, workforce, economic shocks, competition, and world politics are some of the vast external environmental forces that trigger change upon organizations. These forces are uncontrolled and unforeseeable and therefore it is vital that an organization has the capabilities to adapt to whatever environment changes might happen. As opposed to external change forces, internal changes forces lie within the organization. Elements such as declining efficiency, the raise of employee expectations in tact with harsh demands of the work environment are all internal forces that trigger a need for organizational change. Some theories[1] suggest that by planning carefully you can manage internal change easily by identifying the need for change, while others argue that change is not something that happens in isolated insidences, thus not something you can plan[2]or control. The changing business environment affects the organizations ability for survival, as their survival tactics are being challenged. Organizations constantly have to reeducate themselves keeping every level or department in the organization equally re-informed. Consequently, more and more organizations direct their attention towards the potential benefits of a corporate merger and acquisition (MA). MAs are often pursued in order to acquire a larger share of an existing market, enter new markets, eliminate competitors, acquire expertise or assets, transfer skills, save costs, increase efficiencies or capitalise on synergies. Unfortunately, most organizational change efforts are poorly conceived and implemented, a fact that causes most change efforts in organizations to fail[3]. Through the last century, companies paid more attention to strategy, economics and finance. However, today many researches[4] argue that a major cause of the high rate of change failures is the fact that managers do not realize that if they do not change their culture to support the changes they are making in strategy, structure, and technology. If not, the desired changes will fail and shift back into a fit with the original culture[5]. Furthermore, MA can change the cultural aspect of an organization due to new working environment. In this view, Hitt et al. (2001) argue that acquisitions or mergers can create unfriendly working atmosphere sometimes due to significant differences between two cultures of the merging firms, which can make working process difficult. However, thisprocess can be quit challanging as Schein[6] ague cultural assessment is usually not possible because the negotiations leading up to the merger/aqcusition have to be kept secret. Thus, the merging parties do not discover important differences until they face them MA is a strategic choice various companies encompases to enter rnew market opportunities and possiblity to increase revenue beyond geographical boundaries. However, new opprtunities have also broad new challanges to the organizations. When a company changes, either by changing its location or grothws this effects its internal and external environment. Researchers agree the critical importance of managing the human perspectives of the process in order to accomplish the MA goals and to achieve the needed integration. That is why this paper has chosen to focus on the cultural and people aspect of change mangement process within MA Change Management theory Change management literature is differentiated between two dominant perspectives with regard to implementing successful change in organization. One meaning refers to the systematic and planned view and the other the chaotic emergent view of organizational change.Carl Weick prominent scholer within change management breaks with the traditional wiev of organizational change and argues that orgnazationas should implement a process of chnage management. That is continous emergent change, when contrasted to the planned view, can be defined as the realization ofa new pattern of organizing in the absence of explicit a priori intentions[7] in this view changing is a continuous activity at local levels where people interact and make sense of their own social reality[8]. Continuous changing is a collaborative approach to change management where employees at the operational level as well as mangers are involved in decesion making processes. It brings a holistic view to the organization focuses on interweaving activities, interrelations, and sensemaking. Change is viwe as a continuous activity internally within the organization where people interact and make sense of their own social reality (Weick, 2000, 2001). People make sense oftheir social reality by sensemaking activities, narratives, practices, and multiple realities may be voiced and contribute to small small-scale changes. These small small-scale changes can be decisive if they occur at the edge of chaos or in a context of rebalancing and unfreezing. Small changes can have large consequences because of self-reinforcing feedback loops and relations in a social network. In interconnected systems small changes emerges through the diversity and interconnectedness of many micro-conversations (Ford Ford, 1995). Micro-level changes provide a platform and a context for transformational change on a macro-level. as in Kotter ´s eight phases or stages a company must successfully complete in order to obtain lasting change (1995) [9]and Lewin ´s Freeze change model(1943)[10]. Thus, the aim is to implement new methods and systems. This also implies that these changes lie within the organizations control although change-triggering events might have come from outside the organization. According to Kotter successful change management is achieved when management carefully plans the change initiative. His theory is based upon the 8 step model which has a very systematic view upon organizations and its environment. The 8 step model is build upon eight actions: create a sense of urgency, recruit powerful change leaders, build a vision and effectively communicate it, remove obstacles, create quick wins, and build on your momentum. If you do these things, you can help make the change part of your organizational culture[11]. Follwing the perspective of Lewin, the change process must contain three central steps; un-freezing, change and freezing[12] . Within un-freezing, inner resistance to change delimits the ability of the individual to move from the present to the desired state. Move seek to take into account all the forces at work and identify and evalutae, on a trial and error bassis, all the available options[13] . The refreezing step establishes ways to make the new level of behavior relatively secure against change (Lewin, 1947, p. 344). This step could include installing a new reward system to reinforce the new, desired behavior or restructuring certain aspects of the organization. An additional meaning refers to the complexity view s as in Ralp Stacy (2003)[14] of organizational change management. His theory is build upon the view of James Gleick. Gleick ´s theory is based on Chaos theory and complexity theory. Later on, Stacey further developed this theory and applied it to human action, as chaos theory originally intended for mathematical deterministic behavior. Chaos theory ´s key message is that our intentional interacting with each other produces intrinsically unpredictable outcomes in the long term, then our planning efforts cannot lead to outcomes we intended; something else will happen[15]. However, Stacey does not imply that then everything is utter chaos. As he states predictably unpredictable, thus a system producing patterns that are recognizable and paradoxical. Complex Responsive Processes (CPR) can give insight for top management on how to become more emergent and respond without knowing long term consequences. However, from a bottom line result, business profit maximizing perspective, this might be hard for managers to switch to instantly. It might cost millions. The strategic problem lays within top management being blind to internal need for change. The existing external commercial strategy is distant even unknown to the employees and there is no existing internal strategy statement. This causes the employees to think of their job as one project at a time, missing focus on the development of the company as a whole. This could lead to employees working without a target or a vision together with the company. CPR approach acknowledges the fact that employees are not machines and if the original strategy doesnt produce what it intended. Thus, introducing a case an acquisition between IBM and DMdata in 2004 where IBM management got surprised by the outcome of employee dissatisfaction and its complexities. This paper adresses IBMs acquisition of DM Data as the key reference in this synopsis. The case study, is used in relation to the acquisition are build upon the experiences the author of this paper had working as a trainee in DMdata both before and after the acquisition. This particular acqusition opened the authors eyes towards the challanges organizations face when implementing new initiatives follwing a merger or acqusition. Why the author find it oparticularly releveant for this course. Introduction of Case study First, I will make a brief introduction of the two companies to get a better understanding of the organizations and why these may have led to some challenges for both companies. Secondlymost relevant reasons that lead interesting to observe the case from the corporate culture point of view, which means concerning the essence of core businesses, these are essentially different enforcing different values and priorities concerning job and goals, reflecting with these important inputs potentially conflictive in the integration process. The conditions mentioned present it as a very appropriate and meaningful selection to develop a case study research. IBM was founded in 1742 and was established in the USA. It is one of the worlds leading companies in IT. historical heritage is very important for the company, in term of know-how but also, in term of marketing IBM has approximately 340.000 employees worldwide and is represented in more than 160 countries[16]. Given IBMs size and origin it brings certain values and norms to the business which is grounded in its culture and identity. On the contrary DM data was one of the biggest software companies in Scandinavia. It was established by two Danish companies; Danske Bank and Maersk Data. The company encompassed 800 employees located in Aarhus and Copenhagen. Even though the company only existed for seven years it managed to create outstanding profits per year.[17] The acquisition between IBM and DM data took place in 2004. After the acquisition, 13% of the employees resigned from their job per year. Many employees mentioned the matrix structure and the American way of doing things as the reason for resigning. [18] The differences of the organizational culture and the way we do thing in each company were fundamentally different. When you attempt to change the core of a companys values and norms its bound to create many challenges[19]. Both companies, are facing changes in their organizational structures through a MA. That is,the processes, politics, values and frame of references. Each participant of this processes either the acquiring IBM or the acquired DMdata; have to face different process and challenges. Clearly, both companies get affected part of their identity and way of doing things. However due to limited access to the IBM employees this paper focuses on the view of Dmdata employees. Analysis of IBM change management initiative IBM managements intended strategy was to incorporate Dmdata as a datterselskab to the main organization of IBM, althoughthey succesed to acquire Dmdata the acqusition broth various unintended changes with it. As mentioned earlier critically positioned employees left the organization and a hostile and confusing environment arised. The unsuccesfull change management of the new initiatives within Dmdata, resulted in inefficient resource utilization, poor products and services[20], and frusttration amon employees and management. IBM management approach to the acqusition can be characterized as a controlling. That is, Some of the DMdata employees reactions came from poor communications such as : IBM CEO Lars Mikkelgaard used the word fusion when he visited us for the first time, when it was in fact a takeover[21]. Other reactions were frustration about changing from national to an international company, from hierarchical to matrix structure and from small to big company. He emphasizes the success they had in DM data on several occasions by saying: Those who sit down and think about it, then DM-data was a success story. Built from 53 men to something IBM would buy for x billions later[22]. He feels overlooked by IBMs management style and does not consider it as suitable for Danish culture: In Denmark, IBM is derived by this American team spirit. The DM-data culture is influenced by the culture of Maersk and Danske Bank, which is very Danish[23]. And I have also been lecturing about quality in life etc. But when you are bought up, you come into an identity crisis. Furthermore, Dmdata employees lacked an incentive to adapt to the changes as they felt they new best as one employee states He stereotypes the Americans There are several States in the US where American Indians are not allowed to walk together more than four at a time. If they do, then you are allowed to shoot them.[24] And he goes on elaborating his indignation of doing things the America way are not allowed to have loaded weapon, so we can laugh a bit of it[25] here he shows that he does not take IBM seriously. The HR Manager talks a lot about how successful the company was, but ridicules of IBM to almost having gone bankrupt. IBM has also been close to going under in 1993. There it was close enough to not exist anymore. And here it is clear that one as a giant company with the ambitions one had, establishes control preparations. These are then some of the procedure which we have to comply to[26]. Follwing Lewin effective change could not tkae place unless there was a felt need be all those concerned[27]. Also in this view, Kotter agues for establishing a sense of urgency. That is people need a good reasontodothingsdifferently, faling this might have created the anxiety and unsecurity Dmdata employees felt. The second step of Kotters 8step model might have easen, having an aly . Short term wins Nadler and Tushman 1995 suggest that there are mainly two types of change that organisations are faced with, namely first- order and second- order changes[28]. . First -Order changes are characterized by small adjustments in system, processes or structures, whereas Second order changes are characterized by transformational which affects the core identity and values of an organization. Nadler and Tushman refer to transformational change as discontinuous change. They further dissects the changes as follows: incremental (tuning and adaptation). Tuning as being anticipatory and adaptation as being reactive. Discontinuous (re-orientation and recreation) change. Re-orientation as being anticipatory and recreation as being reactive. Acquisitions such as IBM/ DMdata are generally regarded as a second- order change. Although IBM and DMdata are in the same industry the size of the two companies together with the cultural heritance of the two are dissimilar. There are national cultural differences, structural differences together with strategic differences which may caused frustration among the employees at DMdata. Furthermore, it is important to into consideration when characterizing whethera change is transfomational or transactional this can be viwed from two sides in mergers and aqcusiotions.remember althought the acqusition can be carachterized as frame bending for DMdata Following Palmer, Dunford and Akin[29] any organizational change usually involves paying attention to organizational culture. That it for IBM management to provide a new vision for the DMdata employees and not simply imposing their own without any involvement from the DMdata employees. The diagnostical tools can be helpful for an organisation to know which changes it is dealing with so that it can inform its strategy selection and organisational configuration to better respond to such changes. It seems like IBM management underestimated some of the challenges it was presented to when they acquired DMdata. The strategic problem lays within top management being blind to internal need for change and adoption within DMdata. Adapting the right diagnostical tools could have helped the management to take the right action in the right context. The lack of information could have been prevented by management taking a nurturer approach. Instead of the top down directors approach. Discussion Change and how people react to it are important features of organisational life. Its vital to remember in times of change, especially transformational change such as mergers and acqusitions, employees are not machines. The way we perceive change and its consecuenses can be different and paradox. As discussed earlier, it can be helpful for management to characterize the scale and scope of the change to better comprehend the impact of a change. However, its important to keep in mind that you will always be confronted with unintended change outcomes. The main problem areas within change implementation in mergers and aquisitions lie within differences in culture, not having a clear communication, and not assigning anyone asresponsible for the change initiatives. The external, managerial and operational level never worked together as one in the IBM/DMdata case study. When merging or acquiring two companies it is critical to consider their corporate culture. The success of a merger/aqusiti on depends as much on culture fit as it does on strategic and financial.Various failed deals can be attributed to corporate culture differences never being considered, or cultural clashes never being addressed. Furthermore, if the people side of MAs are ignored, as in the case study, both companies face not meeting the anticipated purpose of the transaction. [1] Kotter, Lewin [2] Choas theries; Ralp stacey, Car Weick [3] Strategic change management class notes, lecture one [4] Gerry Johnson , the cultural web, Mary Jo Hatch Majen Shultz, identity, Edgar Schein [5] Palmer, Ian, Richard Dunford, and Gib Akin. (2009) Managing Organizational Change p. 163 [6] Schein, E.H. 1990. Organizational Culture and Leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass p.178 [7] Orlowski 1996, p 65 accesed in Weick 2000 p 227 [8] Weick, 2000 p. 225 [9] Kotter 1995, Leading Change: Why Transformation Efforts Fail [10] Palmer, Ian, Richard Dunford, and Gib Akin. (2009) Managing Organizational Change p. 195 [11] [12] Palmer, Ian, Richard Dunford, and Gib Akin. (2009) Managing Organizational Change p. 195 [13] Lewin 1947a accesed through study notes from lecture 2 [14] Stacey, Ralph. (2003) Organizations as Complex Responsive Processes of Relating. Journal of Innovative Management [15] Stacey, Ralph. (2003) Organizations as Complex Responsive Processes of Relating. Journal of Innovative Management p28 [16] IBM Database [17] DM Data Handbook p 16 [18] www.computerworld.com http://www.computerworld.dk/art/40353?cid=4q=dm+datasm=searcha=cidi=4o=5pos=6 [19] Strategic change management class notes [20] As a reslut of many employees leaving many projects didnt get finished with led to many dissatisfied clientsandcostumers. [21] Malike Karatepe [22] Comment 1, Appendix 1 [23] Comment 2, Appendix 1 [24] Comment 6, Appendix 1 [25] Comment 7, Appendix 1 [26] Comment 8, Appendix 1 [27] Class notes lektion 2 by Rex Degnegaard [28] Palmer,Dunford and akin p 87 [29] Palmer, Dunford and Akin p. 9
Sunday, January 19, 2020
Philosophy Of Science Essay
The topic of essay is â€Å"There is more to seeing than meets the eyeball†. These are words of N. R. Hanson, and I’ll try to show here my point of view. In his work â€Å"Observation†Hanson says that if two different people (for example, microbiologists), look at prepared slide, they give different answers for question what did they see there. It means, they see the same object, but their feelings and understanding of object, as well their definitions regarding it are different. Hanson gives the following answer:†‘These are different interpretations of what all observers see in common. Retinal reactions to figure are virtually identical; so too are our visual sense-data, since our drawings of what we see will have the same content. There is no place in the seeing for these differences, so they must lie in the interpretations put on what we see. †(Hanson, p. 9) So, everything depends on interpretations of the object – the characteristics are given by us, while seeing the same by different people. Let’s take a picture and will try to find out what can be seen there. Again, some people can see only birds – they see an opened bick of some big bird, the others see horns and antelope. Another question: do the people, who have never seen antelope, see an antelope in this picture? We can see the picture as one shape, then as of another. We interpret it and see it as we interpret it. (Hanson, p. 7) Another idea which Hanson gives is that this kind of interpretation depends on experience. So let’s take as example the picture of an X-ray tube viewed from the cathode. Some experienced physicist will recognize here an X-ray tube, but a small baby and a driver, for example, will have another interpretation based on their visual experience. They see the same object, but have different interpretations. Hanson says:†Seeing is not only the having of a visual experience; it is also the way in which the visual experience is had†. (Hanson, p. 8). A physicist saw this object in school, but from his visual experience he saw only an instrument made of metal and glass. When he studied at the university, he learned about this instrument and saw the construction in the book and had completely another interpretation. The object didn’t change, but the visual experience did. So, in order for driver to see the same what physicist sees, he needs to learn physics. The baby is blind to what driver sees, although he is not blind and sees the same object. Seeing means also some kind â€Å"to have knowledge of certain sorts†(Hanson, p. 11). Let’s take another scientist, Hacking, with his article â€Å"Do we see through a microscope? †He speaks about the ways we get new kinds of perception when we use different objects to manipulate a world we cannot see by our normal eye-sight. Hacking says that â€Å"we don’t see through a microscope, we see with a microscope†. For example, we can use electrons in order to get other results, and by doing this, we are convinced of their existence with their stable properties. It doesn’t mean that we have an entire knowledge regarding those electrons, but we have those properties as known because of our experience. Here comes the slogan:†If you can manipulate them, they must be real. †(I. Hacking, p. 150). So, really, we can make a conclusion that â€Å"There is more to seeing than meets the eyeball†.
Saturday, January 11, 2020
Multiculturalism and Professionalism
The 2008 presidential race is the testimony of increasing multiculturalism in United States, first time in the history of this great nation a woman or an African American will be a serious contender to be the Commander in Chief. The race in itself is not an aberration or affirmative action but a reflection how our society is evolving. In the latest census more than 20 percent of American identifies themselves under two different ethnic backgrounds. The country is now truly becoming the melting pot of world’s different cultures. This increasing multiculturalism is no where more prominent than American schools where the children of majority, second generation of immigrants and various other sections of the society studying together and learning to build their own dream world in their own ways. The five most common challenges faced in a multi cultural environment are (Jeffrey Sanchez, 2005)–  Managing diversity, resolving cultural conflicts, creating a culture of inclusion, building team spirits and harnessing the advantages of differences. Managing Diversity – A teacher has to be competent into managing diversity and first step in managing it is understanding diversity. For a teacher to be successful he/she should have knowledge of subject he/she is teaching and knowledge of subjects whom he/she is teaching. Knowledge of subjects will not only help him/her in developing empathy with them but also provides him/her an opportunity to innovate him/her teaching approach. Resolving Cultural Conflicts – Number of times there are no wrongs or right, just the difference of perspective due to cultural grooming of children. If the teacher is not equipped with the cultural grooming of children then he/she won’t be able to arbitrate effectively and thus fail to take the whole class in one direction. Creating a Culture of Inclusion – The most effective tool for managing diversity is creating a culture of inclusion where students are encouraged to recognize the cultural difference of each other and even though they may not agree with them but receptive enough to understand that there is difference, no superior or inferior values but just different values. Building Team Spirit – A teacher need to have a good knowledge of team building as working in the teams students are most likely to understand each other differences better than just providing them dossiers of information. Working together will help them in accommodating each others perspective and how they can contribute to the given task. Harnessing the Advantages of Difference – Today from school, to clubs and corporate houses are all striving to achieve diversity, the reason for it is the advantages various cultures bring in. Teams with diverse members are better equipped at looking at the same problem from different perspective and these diverse perspectives enable the team to come up with various different solutions. Steps a Teacher can take to create a Culture of Inclusion The teacher can take following steps to create a culture of inclusion where no student feel alienated but instead feel welcomed and respected (Karlfried, 1995) – Creating a descriptive communication plan for students, a good beginning could be multiple messages with same message. Secondly the teacher should not assign work and responsibility on race or cultural generalizations. Thirdly the teacher should strive to develop a performance metric which is easily understood by the students and also completely transparent and fair to each section of the class. Finally teachers and students both be exposed to cross cultural interaction and workshops where they can understand the motives of cultural values rather than just taking on them face. Conclusion Cross cultural understanding and respect today is not only important for students but also for teachers as they are the focus of building tomorrow’s America where the present generation of school will be decision makers. Multiculturalism and professionalism not only has to go hand in hand but one has to feed the other. If today’s school generation has lesser problems with cross cultural environment in school then it will have even lesser problems at work places in future. References Jeffrey Sanchez-Burks, Eric J. Neuman, Shirli Kopelman, Oscar Ybarra, Hyekyung Park and Karen Goh (2006) Conflict in the Workplace. MIT Sloan Management Review. Winter 2007, Vol. 48, No. 2, p. 5 Karlfried Knapp (1995) The Definition of Intercultural Communication. Retrieved from 20th Feb 2008 from http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/articles/definition-of-intercultural-communication.html Â
Friday, January 3, 2020
Animal Testing Should Be Banned - 880 Words
Everyone knows that the world lived and lives on the many discoveries that helped to clear away many of the obstacles and pests. During the developments and discoveries in the scientific field, people find that the richest discoveries health or medicine generally are depending on animals testing. Therefore, if people talk about laboratories, they should remember animal experiments. Those animals have the right to live, according to people who dislike the idea of doing testing on animals; the other opinion, supports the idea of animal testing as the important part of the source of what has reached medicine of the results and solutions for diseases prevalent in every time and place. Each year huge numbers of animals are sacrificed for the science all these animals, whether more or less attractive, can become suddenly laboratory animals. Therefore, animals testing should be banned for several reasons. The most important cause for animal testing must be banned is making a natural balance. The natural balance is to place different organisms, such as producers and consumers, in a particular center without suffering any of them to extinction or excessive increase in the number of its members. For example, if the experts take many mice for testing, some kind of bird will not find their sources of food such as falcons. In addition, people will find a lot of insects hurt life’s natural because the scientists gather many mice for studying in their laboratory. Therefore, the experts areShow MoreRelatedShould Animal Testing Be Banned?844 Words  | 3 PagesShould animal testing be banned? Nowadays, a lot of animals has been tested on a range of experiments over the world. You could be supporting animal teasing cruelty without knowing it. Have you ever check if there’s animal testing on the cosmetics before you buy it? Today, a lot of cosmetics has been testing on helpless animals and there are about 1.4 million animals die each year from animal testing ( CatalanoJ, 1994). 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Animals are often abused, suffer, and even die during laboratory testing for the benefits of people to make sure medications, household products, newest procedures, and cosmetics are safe and effective for human use. Humans have benefited from animal testing for years while these animals suffer consequences with no positive outcomes for themselves. Even if a product or procedure is deemed successful, these animals are frequentlyRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned Essay1632 Words  | 7 Pages Animal Testing Should Be Banned Throughout the decades, animals have been used in medical research to test the safety of cosmetics including makeup, hair products, soaps, perfume, and countless of other products. Animals have also been used to test antibiotics and other medicines to eliminate any potential risks that they could cause to humans. The number of animals worldwide that are used in laboratory experiments yearly exceeds 115 million animals. Unfortunately, only a small percentage ofRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned2391 Words  | 10 Pageseasier for consumers. These are only mild examples of the animal testing that goes on every single day around the world, and right here in the United States of America. Animals are kept in lonely, cold, dirty kennels, and some never see the light of day. They are tested on, force fed, and often mistreated even when the tests are over. Every day innocent animals are shocked, injected, poisoned, restrained, and endure excruciating pain testing chemicals in most, i f not all, of the products everyday Americans
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